Examples of References


Example 1. 
In the example below, the claim made is supported with evidence from an academic source. Here the author has used the author-date system to identify and cite Cottrell as an in-text reference.  

In academic writing, it is essential to cite or acknowledge your sources (Cottrell, 2013: 179).


Example 2. 
In the example below, the student has taken some of the direct words of the source and included these in quotation marks (‘..’). In this case the student is referring to a definition.

The World Commission on Economy and Environment in 1987 described sustainability with the definition of  ‘sustainability is economic-development activity that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ (United Nations, 1987). 


Example 3. 
In the example below, the student continues a discussion of the definition of sustainability using evidence from another source, this time using the in-text reference within the sentence. The date of publication is given.

According to Portney (2015), the precise meaning of sustainability depends very much on the context and fields, it owns different meanings in the contexts of ecology, energy, environment, population, agriculture, economics and demographics.



Viimeksi muutettu: tiistai 24. lokakuuta 2023, 12.32