Source with several authors
Two authors
When the original source has two authors, you should use both surnames with “and” as follows:
According to Kinnear and Taylor (1991: 132) the research design is the framework of the research project.
It is important to keep in mind that the research design is the framework of the research project (Kinnear and Taylor, 1991: 132).
McMillan and Weyers (2007: 197) defend the Harvard referencing system by stating that it has the advantage of being simpler, quicker and possibly more readily adjustable than other systems.
1.1 Three authors
Three authors
When you first refer to the source, use the surnames of all three authors as in the first example below. When you need to refer to the same source later in your text, you can use the name of the first author and the scholarly abbreviation, et al (meaning and others). Authors’ names should always be written in the order they appear on the cover of the work.
The first time you refer to the work in your text:
Some may think that all cases of plagiarism are a consequence of students either being too idle to pursue their research and write diligently or wishing to appear cleverer than they really are (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2019: 115).
The
next time you refer to the same work in your text:
There are a number of ethical principles to which a researcher needs to adhere (Saunders et al. 2019: 268).
Four or more authors
Where there are several authors (four or
more), only the first author’s surname should be used, followed by et al.
even the first time you use the in-text citation. You should ensure that all
authors are listed in the reference list entry however.
The source has 4 authors = Russo, Smite, Christensen, and Tell. The student writes the name of Russo and uses et al. the first time they refer to the work in the text:
In practice, this indicates that team arrangements can be clustered and span the spectrum between fully flexible and aligned location modes (Russo et al, 2022).